Differential dynamic content delivery with device controlling action

ABSTRACT

Differential dynamic content delivery including providing a session document for a presentation, wherein the session document includes a session grammar and a session structured document; selecting from the session structured document a classified structural element in dependence upon user classifications of a user participant in the presentation; presenting the selected structural element to the user; identifying a device controlling action; and executing the device controlling action to control a device for the user. In many embodiments, identifying a device controlling action includes identifying a device controlling action in dependence upon a presentation control instruction. In some embodiments, identifying a device controlling action further includes identifying a device controlling action in dependence upon a spoken key word. In some embodiments, identifying a device controlling action further includes identifying a device controlling action in dependence upon a classified structural element.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The field of the invention is data processing, or, more specifically,methods, systems, and products for differential dynamic contentdelivery.

2. Description of Related Art

Multimedia presentations through conferencing systems are becoming morecommon, but they are inflexible because all conference participants mustbe presented with exactly the same content. For any particularpresentation, however, there is typically a wide variety of participantinterest, company, group, or department membership, technical knowledge,security authorization, and so on, across almost any dimension in whichparticipants may vary. Targeting content for such a heterogeneous set ofusers is typically a manual process today in which presenters createwholly separate presentations for each audience, and the content of eachsuch presentation is reduced to the lowest common denominator of anyparticular audience. There is a substantial need for improved multimediapresentation systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Methods, systems, and products are disclosed that operate generally tosupport improved multimedia presentations by creating a presentationdocument that includes a content-specific presentation grammar and astructured document. The structured document typically has structuralelements such as pages, paragraphs, cells, titles, and the like markedwith structural identifiers. A content-specific presentation grammarties presentation actions to the document structure through thesestructural element identifiers. A presentation actions directs thepresentation of a document such as by moving the presentation to thenext page of the document, the previous paragraph of the document and soon. A presentation grammar empowers a presenter to invoke thepresentation actions using speech.

In typical embodiments, users are assigned classifications describingany attributes of a user, company name, department name, age, gender,technical knowledge, educational level, subject matters of personalinterest, security authorization, and so on. Contents of structuralelements from structured documents are then filtered for presentation toindividual users in a multi-media, multi-user presentation according tothe individual attributes of the participants.

In a presentation regarding marketing of a deep space vehicle for a Marsmission, for example, graphic images and paragraphs of text may bedeveloped in many versions, inserted into the same presentation documentwith each version classified according to technical level, securitylevel, and so on, so that a member of the marketing department viewingthe same paragraph at the same time in the same presentation as a memberof the research department will in fact be shown a different version ofthe paragraph. A graphic diagram of a subsystem presented to themarketer will be a simpler version than the one shown at the same timeto the researcher.

More particularly, methods, systems, and computer program products aredisclosed for differential dynamic content delivery. Typical embodimentsinclude providing a session document for a presentation, wherein thesession document includes a session grammar and a session structureddocument; selecting from the session structured document a classifiedstructural element in dependence upon user classifications of a userparticipant in the presentation; presenting the selected structuralelement to the user; identifying a device controlling action; andexecuting the device controlling action to control a device for theuser. In many embodiments, identifying a device controlling actionincludes identifying a device controlling action in dependence upon apresentation control instruction. In some embodiments, identifying adevice controlling action further includes identifying a devicecontrolling action in dependence upon a spoken key word. In someembodiments, identifying a device controlling action further includesidentifying a device controlling action in dependence upon a classifiedstructural element. In some embodiments, identifying a devicecontrolling action further includes identifying a device controllingaction in dependence upon a classification identifier.

In typical embodiments, executing the device controlling action tocontrol a device for the user includes calling a member method in anOSGi-compliant bundle operating in an OSGi framework on a servicesgateway. Typical embodiments also include receiving a presentationcontrol instruction, where the presentation control instruction includesa presentation action identifier and one or more optional parameters,and selecting a classified structural element includes selecting aclassified structural element in dependence upon the presentation actionidentifier and the parameters.

Typical embodiments also include creating the presentation controlinstruction, including receiving from a user participating in thepresentation a key phrase and optional parameters for invoking apresentation action; and parsing the key phrase and parameters against avoice response grammar into a presentation control instruction. In manyembodiments, selecting a classified structural element further includesselecting a classified structural element having an associatedclassification identifier that corresponds to the user classification.In some embodiments, presenting the selected structural element to theuser further includes selecting a data communications protocol for thepresentation; inserting the selected structural element in a datastructure appropriate to the data communications protocol; andtransmitting the data structure to the user according to the datacommunications protocol.

Many embodiments also include creating a session document from apresentation document, including identifying a presentation document fora presentation, the presentation document including a presentationgrammar and a structured document having structural elements classifiedwith classification identifiers; identifying a user participant for thepresentation, the user having a user profile comprising userclassifications; and filtering the structured document in dependenceupon the user classifications and the classification identifiers. Intypical embodiments, filtering the structured document includesextracting, from the structured document, structural elements havingclassification identifiers corresponding to the user classifications andwriting the extracted structural elements into a session structureddocument in the session document.

Typical embodiments also include filtering the presentation grammar, independence upon the extracted structural elements, into a sessiongrammar in the session document. Typical embodiments also includecreating a presentation document, including creating, in dependence uponan original document, a structured document comprising one or morestructural elements; classifying a structural element of the structureddocument according to a presentation attribute; and creating apresentation grammar for the structured document, wherein thepresentation grammar for the structured document includes grammarelements each of which includes an identifier for at least onestructural element of the structured document.

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of theinvention will be apparent from the following more particulardescriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention as illustrated inthe accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generallyrepresent like parts of exemplary embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 sets forth a block diagram of an exemplary system architecture inwhich may be implemented various exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 sets forth class diagrams for exemplary object oriented classesuseful in implementing methods and systems for creating presentationdocuments according to various exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating a method for creatinga presentation document.

FIG. 4 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodof creating a presentation grammar.

FIG. 5 sets forth an exemplary data structure in which a full grammarmay be implemented according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a data flow diagram illustrating a further method for creatinga presentation document.

FIG. 7 is a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method forclassifying a structural element.

FIG. 8 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor classifying a structural element in a structured document.

FIG. 9 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating a further exemplarymethod for classifying a structural element in a structured document.

FIG. 10 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating another exemplarymethod for classifying a structural element in a structured document.

FIG. 11 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating a further exemplarymethod for classifying a structural element in a structured document.

FIG. 12 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor creating a voice response grammar in a voice response server.

FIG. 13 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor creating a voice response grammar in a voice response server.

FIG. 14 is a data flow diagram illustrating an alternative exemplarymethod for creating a voice response grammar in a voice response server.

FIG. 15 is a data flow diagram illustrating another alternativeexemplary method for creating a voice response grammar in a voiceresponse server.

FIG. 16 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor creating a session document from a presentation document.

FIG. 17 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor amending a session document during a presentation.

FIG. 18 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor differential dynamic content delivery.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an exemplary services gateway useful inexecuting device controlling actions according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Introduction

The present invention is described to a large extent in thisspecification in terms of methods for differential dynamic contentdelivery. Persons skilled in the art, however, will recognize that anycomputer system that includes suitable programming means for operatingin accordance with the disclosed methods also falls well within thescope of the present invention. Suitable programming means include anymeans for directing a computer system to execute the steps of the methodof the invention, including for example, systems comprised of processingunits and arithmetic-logic circuits coupled to computer memory, whichsystems have the capability of storing in computer memory, whichcomputer memory includes electronic circuits configured to store dataand program instructions, programmed steps of the method of theinvention for execution by a processing unit.

The invention also may be embodied in a computer program product, suchas a diskette or other recording medium, for use with any suitable dataprocessing system. Embodiments of a computer program product may beimplemented by use of any recording medium for machine-readableinformation, including magnetic media, optical media, or other suitablemedia. Persons skilled in the art will immediately recognize that anycomputer system having suitable programming means will be capable ofexecuting the steps of the method of the invention as embodied in aprogram product. Persons skilled in the art will recognize immediatelythat, although most of the exemplary embodiments described in thisspecification are oriented to software installed and executing oncomputer hardware, nevertheless, alternative embodiments implemented asfirmware or as hardware are well within the scope of the presentinvention.

Creating a Presentation Document

Methods, systems, and products are now described for creating apresentation document with reference to the accompanying drawings,beginning with FIG. 1. FIG. 1 sets forth a block diagram of an exemplarysystem architecture in which may be implemented various exemplaryembodiments of the present invention. The system of FIG. 1 include acontent server (106) having stored content (108) of original documentsfrom which presentation documents are created. Agent (110) includessoftware modules for creating presentation grammars for presentationdocuments according to content type (114) and for classifyingpresentation document content according to presentation attributes(116). Presentation attributes are generic selection criteria fordisplaying appropriate structural elements of original documents tousers. Examples of presentation attributes include users' company names,department names, security levels, technical levels, and so on. Userprofiles (126) include user classification information typically used tofilter presentation media according to presentation attributes.

Content server (106) includes storage for presentation documents (314)each of which is composed of a presentation grammar (120) and astructured document (122). A presentation grammar is a data structurethat includes a set of key phrases used to identify presentation actionidentifiers and optional parameters for use in formulating presentationcontrol instructions relevant to structural elements of a content type.In typical embodiments, presentation control instructions arerepresented by and formulated from presentation action identifiers(reference 518 on FIG. 5). Key phrases are spoken by users and presentedas speech input to voice response server (104) where they are parsed andused to select a presentation action identifier (518 on FIG. 5) from aVRS grammar (105). VRS grammar (105) is formed dynamically frompresentation grammars (120) in use in a presentation session (128). Insome embodiments, VRS grammar (105) is formed dynamically from usergrammars from user profiles (126). Presentation Session Control Language(“PSCL”) stream (132) represents a stream of presentation controlinstructions composed of presentation action identifiers (518 on FIG. 5)and optional presentation control parameters (520 on FIG. 5) from VRS(104) to presentation server (102) which is programmed to present (134)structured multimedia content (136) from structured documents (122) tousers (119) in accordance with such presentation control instructions(132).

FIG. 2 sets forth class diagrams for exemplary object oriented classesuseful in implementing methods and systems for creating presentationdocuments according to various exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention. FIG. 2 includes a presentation document class (314) thatincludes a reference to a presentation grammar (120), a reference to astructured document (122), and a network location (202) of an originaldocument from which the presentation document was created. In theexample of FIG. 2, the network location (202) of the original documentis expressed as a Uniform Resource Identifier or “URI.”

FIG. 2 includes a profile class (126) whose objects representpresentation users. The profile class (126) includes a user name (204),a password (206), and a reference to a user grammar (208). A usergrammar is a data structure that includes a set of key phrases that areused to select presentation action identifiers specific to a user foruse in formulating presentation control instructions. For a presentationcontrol instruction that instructs a presentation session to carry outthe presentation action ‘page down,’ for example, an individual user maychose to associate with that presentation control instruction the keyphrase “rock and roll” or “boogie on down” or any other key phrasefavored by a user as will occur to those of skill in the art. Althoughthese particular examples are somewhat fanciful, in fact, user grammarsserve a useful purpose by providing key phrases for presentation controlinstructions that distinguish normal speech. In a discussion of a wordprocessing document, for example, references to pages and paragraphs mayabound, and using a distinctive phrase to invoke presentation controlinstructions on pages and paragraphs reduces the risk of confusion onthe part of a voice response server and a presentation session.

The profile class (126) also includes a string array storing userclassifications (210). Examples of user classifications (210) includeany supported data codes describing users, including, for example“company=IBM,” “department=marketing,” “technical level=3,” “securitylevel=2,” and others as will occur to those of skill in the art.

FIG. 2 includes a presentation session class (128) whose objectsrepresent presentation sessions. A presentation session represents anaggregation of presentation documents for presentation usually at a setdate and time, for a defined set of users including a presenter incharge. The presentation session class (128) includes a presentationidentifier code (212), a presenter identification (214), a list ofparticipants (216). The presentation session class (128) also includes aschedule date and time (218) when a presentation is to be presented, aURI array identifying presentation documents (220) requested by apresenter for a presentation session, a URI array identifyingpresentation documents that have been filtered according to presentationattributes or user classifications (220). The presentation session class(128) also includes a member method named mergeGrammars( ) (224) that isprogrammed to read presentation grammars from presentation documents andstore them in a VRS grammar on a voice response server for use inparsing key phrases spoken by a presenter and other users intopresentation control instructions.

Agent (110) includes software modules for structuring a presentationdocument according to content type (114) and for classifyingpresentation document content according to presentation attributes(116).

FIG. 2 includes an exemplary agent class (110) whose objects are used incontent servers to create presentation documents. Agent class (110)includes an array of references to content type plug-ins (114) that areused to create presentation grammars for presentation documentsaccording to content type. FIG. 2 also shows a content type plug-inclass (114) with a member method named createPresentationGrammar( )(232) which in this example is programmed to create presentationgrammars for presentation documents according to content type. Agentclass (110) also includes an array of references to classificationplug-ins (116) that are used to classify presentation document contentaccording to presentation attributes (116). FIG. 2 also shows aclassification plug-in class (116) with a member method namedclassifyDocument( ) (234) which in this example is programmed toclassify presentation document content according to presentationattributes.

Agent class (110) also includes a member method namedcreateStructuedDocument( ) (232) which is programmed to convert anoriginal document into a structured document by inserting structuralelement identifiers. Examples of structural element identifiers include<page>, <paragraph>, <row>, <column>, <cell>, <slide>, <jpeg>, <title>,<heading>, <subheading>, and so on, as will occur to those of skill inthe art. These examples of structural elements identifiers are expressedas markup tags such as would be used, for example, in a markup languagesuch as HTML (“HyperText Markup Language”) or XML (“extensible MarkupLanguage”), although this is not a limitation of the invention. In fact,it is well within the scope of the present invention to implementstructural element identifiers with binary codes, Unicode identifiers,or by use of other structure identifiers as will occur to those of skillin the art.

FIG. 3 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating a method for creatinga presentation document (314) that includes creating (304), independence upon an original document (302), a structured document (306)comprising one or more structural elements (402). In the method of FIG.3, creating (304) a structured document (306) is carried out byinserting (320) in the structured document (306) structural elementidentifiers (322) for the structural elements (402). An alternativemethod of creating a structured document, also shown in FIG. 3, iscarried out by converting (326) existing structural element identifiers(324) from the original document (302) to structural element identifiers(322) for the structural elements (402) of the structured document(306). The method of FIG. 3 also includes creating (310) a presentationgrammar (312) for the structured document (306). In the example of FIG.3, the presentation grammar (312) for the structured document (306)includes grammar elements (316) each of which includes a structuralelement identifier (318) for at least one structural element (402) ofthe structured document (306).

FIG. 4 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodof creating a presentation grammar (312) for a structured document (314)that includes identifying (404) the content type (410) of the originaldocument (302). Identifying the content type may be carried out, forexample, by identifying the content type in dependence upon a filenameextension (303) in the filename of an original document. Examples offilename extension identifying content type include ‘pdf’ for Adobe'sPortable Document Format, ‘xls’ for a Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet,‘doc’ for a word processing document, ‘xml’ for an XML document, and soon, as will occur to those of skill in the art. Alternatively,identifying the content type may be carried out by identifying thecontent type in dependence upon document header elements in an originaldocument (302). The following is an example of an HTML headeridentifying an original document having content type HTML version 4.01:<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN”“http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd”>

The method of FIG. 4 includes selecting (406), in dependence upon thecontent type (410), a full presentation grammar (308) from among amultiplicity of full presentation grammars (412). A full presentationgrammar may be implemented, for example, as shown in FIG. 5. Amultiplicity of full presentation grammars may be implemented in a datastructure similar to the one shown in FIG. 5 by adding a content typecolumn. FIG. 5 sets forth an exemplary data structure (308) in which afull grammar may be implemented according to embodiments of the presentinvention. The full grammar of FIG. 5 includes several grammar elements(502-514) for a content type. In this example, the content type is takenas a word processing document having structural elements that includepages, paragraphs, bullets, titles, subtitles, and so on, and the datastructure includes a column for an identifier (318) of a structuralelement, a column for a key phrase (516) for formulating a presentationcontrol instruction for invoking a presentation action, and a column fora presentation action identifier (518) representing a presentationaction. The exemplary data structure of FIG. 5 also includes a columnfor a data indication whether a presentation control instructionrequires a parameter. The exemplary grammar entries for presentationaction identifiers PgDn (502), PgUp (504), nextParagraph (508), andprevBullet (512) have parameter (520) values of ‘null,’ signifying thata voice response server parsing their key phrases into presentationcontrol instructions is not to parse a parameter for a presentationcontrol instruction. The exemplary grammar entries for presentationaction identifiers goToPage (506), nextHeading (510), and goToSubtitle(514), however, have parameter (520) values of ‘integer’ and ‘string,’signifying that a voice response server parsing their key phrases intopresentation control instructions is to seek to parse for each of themrespectively an integer parameter, a string parameter, and a stringparameter.

The method of FIG. 4 includes filtering (408) the full presentationgrammar (308) into a presentation grammar (312) for the structureddocument (306) in dependence upon the structural elements (402) of thestructured document (306). Filtering (408) the full presentation grammar(308) may be carried out by writing (414) from the full presentationgrammar (308) to the presentation grammar (312) for the structureddocument (306) each grammar element (316) having a structural elementidentifier (318) of a structural element (402) that occurs in thestructured document (306). Using the exemplary full grammar of FIG. 5,for example, to create a presentation grammar for a structured documenthaving structural elements including pages, paragraphs, headings, andsubtitles but no bullet points identified in it as structural elements,filtering (408) the full presentation grammar (308) by writing (414) tothe presentation grammar (312) grammar elements (502-510) plus grammarelement (514) but excluding grammar element (512).

Methods of creating presentation documents are further explained with anexemplary use case. Consider the following example of a structureddocument: <document> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”>a paragraph</p> <pid=“2”>another paragraph</p> <image id=“1”>a graphic image</image></page> <page id=“2”> <p id=“3”>a paragraph</p> <p id=“4”>anotherparagraph</p> <image id=“2”>another graphic image</image> </page></document>

And assume that this exemplary structured document is associated in apresentation document with the following presentation grammar: TABLE 1Presentation Grammar Presentation Structural Action Element Key PhraseIdentifier Identifier Parameter page down PgDn <page> null page up PgUp<page> null go to page goToPage <page> integer next paragraphnextParagraph <p> null go to paragraph goToParagraph <p> integer nextimage nextImage <image> null go to image goToImage <image> integer

This example is discussed with reference to the exemplary systemarchitecture of FIG. 1. In this example, then, when a presentationsession (128) displays the first page of the structured document and auser (119) speaks the words “page down,” a voice response server (104),having this presentation grammar as part of its VRS grammar (105),parses the speech into a presentation control instruction having apresentation control identifier named “PgDn” and communicates thepresentation control instruction through a presentation interface (132)to the presentation session in presentation server (102) which thendisplays the next page, in this example, page 2 of the examplestructured document. Similarly, when the first page of the structureddocument is on display, a user's speaking the words “go to paragraph 4”results in the presentation session's changing the display to showparagraph 4 on the second page of the document. And, when the first pageis on display for the users participating in the presentation and a userspeaks the words “next image,” the presentation session changes thedisplay to show image 2 on the second page of the document.

Classifying Structure Elements in a Presentation Document

FIG. 6 is a data flow diagram illustrating a further method for creatinga presentation document (314). The method of FIG. 6 includes creating(304), in dependence upon an original document (302), a structureddocument (306) comprising one or more structural elements (402), asexplained in detail above. The method of FIG. 6 also includesclassifying (330) a structural element (402) of the structured document(306) according to a presentation attribute (352). FIG. 7 is a data flowdiagram illustrating an exemplary method for classifying a structuralelement that includes identifying (702) a presentation attribute (352)for the structural element (402); identifying (704) a classificationidentifier (708) in dependence upon the presentation attribute (352);and inserting (706) the classification identifier (708) in associationwith the structural element (402) in the structured document (306). Themethod of FIG. 6 also includes creating (310) a presentation grammar(312) for the structured document (306), wherein the presentationgrammar (312) for the structured document (306) includes grammarelements (316) each of which includes an identifier (318) for at leastone structural element (402) of the structured document (306).

FIG. 8 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor classifying a structural element in a structured document in whichidentifying (702) a presentation attribute (352) for the structuralelement (402) includes selecting (710) a presentation attribute (352)from a list (712) of supported presentation attributes (352). Thepresentation attribute list (712) of FIG. 8 includes two columns, onecolumn for presentation attributes (352) and another column forassociated classification identifiers (708). In the method of FIG. 8,identifying (704) a classification identifier (708) is carried out byidentifying a classification identifier (708) associated with thepresentation attribute (352) on the list (712). In the method of FIG. 8,inserting (706) the classification identifier (708) includes manuallyediting (712) the structured document (306) to insert classificationidentifiers in appropriate locations to classify structural elements ina structured document. For example, a paragraph to be viewed only bymembers of the marketing department may be classified by tagging theparagraph with <mkt></mkt>.

FIG. 9 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating a further exemplarymethod for classifying a structural element in a structured document inwhich identifying (702) a presentation attribute (352) for thestructural element (402) includes selecting (710) a presentationattribute (352) from a list (712) of supported presentation attributes(352), the presentation attribute (352) having an associatedclassification identifier (708). In the method of FIG. 9, identifying(704) a classification identifier (708) includes inserting (716) theclassification identifier (708) in a data structure (717) in associationwith a structural element identifier (322) for the structural element(402). In the method of FIG. 9, inserting (706) the classificationidentifier (708) in the structured document (306) includes reading (714)the classification identifier (708) from the data structure (717) independence upon the structural element identifier (322).

FIG. 10 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating another exemplarymethod for classifying a structural element in a structured documentthat includes providing a list (712) of supported presentationattributes (352) including at least one keyword (802) and at least oneindication of structural insertion scope (804) for each presentationattribute (352). In the method of FIG. 10, identifying (702) apresentation attribute (352) for the structural element (402) includesselecting (710) a presentation attribute (352) from the list (712) independence upon a keyword (806) from the structured document (306). Inthe method of FIG. 10, identifying (704) a classification identifier(708) is carried out by identifying a classification identifier (708)associated with the presentation attribute (352) on the list (712). Inthe method of FIG. 10, inserting (706) the classification identifier(708) is carried out by inserting the classification identifier (708) inthe structured document (306) according to a structural insertion scope(804) for the selected presentation attribute (352).

FIG. 11 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating a further exemplarymethod for classifying a structural element in a structured documentthat includes providing a list (712) of supported presentationattributes (352) including at least one data pattern (810) and at leastone indication of structural insertion scope (804) for each presentationattribute (352). In the method of FIG. 11, identifying (702) apresentation attribute (352) for the structural element (402) includesselecting (814) a presentation attribute (352) from the list (712) independence upon a data pattern (812) from the structured document (306).In the method of FIG. 11, identifying (704) a classification identifier(708) is carried out by identifying a classification identifier (708)associated with the presentation attribute (352) on the list (712). Inthe method of FIG. 11, inserting (706) the classification identifier(708) is carried out by inserting the classification identifier (708) inthe structured document (306) according to a structural insertion scope(804) for the selected presentation attribute (352).

Methods of creating presentation documents are further explained with anexemplary use case. Consider the following example of a structureddocument: <document> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”> a paragraph on anintroductory subject </p> </page> <page id=“2”> <p id=“2”> a paragraphon a particular subject </p> <tech level=“2”> <p id=“2”> a moretechnical paragraph on the same subject </p> </tech> <securitylevel=“2”> <p id=“2”> a more secret paragraph on the same subject </p></security> <dept id=“marketing”> <p id=“2”> a paragraph on the samesubject with added detail regarding marketing </p> </dept> <companyid=“IBM”> <p id=“2”> a paragraph on the same subject with added detailpertinent to a user's company </p> </company> <p id=“3”> a paragraph ona further subject </p> ... ... ... </page> <page id=“3”> ... ... ...</page> ... ... ... </document>

This example is discussed with reference to the exemplary systemarchitecture of FIG. 1, assuming that this exemplary structured documentis associated in a presentation document with a presentation grammarthat includes presentation action identifiers for paragraphs and pagesuploaded to a VRS grammar (105) in a voice response server (104). Inthis example, then, when a presentation session (128) is displaying thefirst page of the structured document and a user (119) speaks the words“next page,” a voice response server (104) parses the speech into apresentation control instruction with a presentation action identifiernamed “PgDn” and communicates the presentation control instructionthrough a presentation interface (132) to the presentation session whichthen displays the next page, in this example, page 2 of the examplestructured document. Assume that there are five users (119) registeredas participants with the presentation session (128), and note that thereare five different versions of paragraph 2 on page two of the structureddocument.

In this example, a first version of paragraph 2 bears a structuralidentifier <p></p> identifying it as a paragraph, but this first versionof paragraph 2 bears no classification identifier. In this example,presentation session (128) is programmed to display this unclassifiedversion of paragraph 2 to users having either the lowest technicalclassifications, the lowest security classifications, or no particulartechnical or security classifications at all. Moreover, in an example,where there were only one version of paragraph 2, all users would bepresented with that one version.

In this example, a second version of paragraph 2 is classified with aclassification identifier <tech level=“2”>. In this example,presentation session (128) is programmed to display this second versionof paragraph 2 to users having user classification indicating technicallevel 2. That is, when a user having technical level 2 in the user'sprofile classifications (210 on FIG. 2) is registered with thepresentation session, upon being directed to display paragraph 2, ratherthan displaying an unclassified version of paragraph 2, the presentationsession displays the second version of paragraph 2 classified <techlevel=“2”> to such a user.

Similarly, a user having a user profile classification representing aheightened security authorization, security level 2, is shown theversion of paragraph 2 classified by the classification identifier<security level=“2”>. A user having a user profile classificationidentifying the user as a member of the marketing department is shownthe version of paragraph 2 classified by the classification identifier<dept id=“marketing”>. A user having a user profile classificationidentifying the user as an employee of IBM is shown the version ofparagraph 2 classified by the classification identifier <companyid=“IBM”>.

For purposes of clarity of explanation, the structural elements in thisexample are shown with only one classification per element. Persons ofskill in the art will recognize, however, that it is well within thescope of the present invention for a structural element of a structureddocument to be classified with any number of classification identifiers.

Creating a Voice Response Grammar from a Presentation Grammar

FIG. 12 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating a method forcreating a voice response grammar in a voice response server includingidentifying (354) presentation documents (118) for a presentation. Inthe method of FIG. 4, each presentation document has a presentationgrammar (120), and the method includes storing (358) each presentationgrammar (120) in a voice response grammar (105) on a voice responseserver (104). Presentation grammars and voice response grammars may bestructured like the full grammars illustrated in FIG. 5 with grammarelements (502-514) for a content type (410). In the exemplary grammarstructure of FIG. 5, the content type is taken as a word processingdocument having structural elements that include pages, paragraphs,bullets, titles, subtitles, and so on, and the data structure includes acolumn for an identifier (318) of a structural element, a column for akey phrase (516) for formulating a presentation control instruction toinvoke a presentation action, and a column for a presentation actionidentifier (518) representing a presentation action.

In the method of FIG. 12, identifying (354) presentation documents (118)for a presentation includes creating (360) a data structure (128)representing a presentation and listing (362) at least one presentationdocument (118) in the data structure (128) representing a presentation.A data structure representing a presentation may be implemented as aninstance of a presentation session class as shown at reference (128) onFIG. 2. In the method of FIG. 12, listing (362) the at least onepresentation document (118) includes storing (366) a location (364) ofthe presentation document (118) in the data structure (128) representinga presentation. In the exemplary structure of FIG. 2, storing a locationof a presentation document may be implemented by storing presentationdocument locations in the form of URIs in an array of URIs (220). In themethod of FIG. 12, storing (358) each presentation grammar (120)includes retrieving (368) a presentation grammar (120) of thepresentation document (118) in dependence upon the location (364) of thepresentation document (118).

In one exemplary embodiment of the method of FIG. 12, the presentationdocument (118) is implemented as a file in a file system on a contentserver (106) and the file has a location (364) identified by a pathname.In such an embodiment, storing (366) a location (364) of thepresentation document (118) in the data structure (128) representing apresentation includes storing the pathname and a network location of thecontent server. An example of storing a pathname and a network locationis storing a URI for the document in a URI array such as thatillustrated at reference (220) on FIG. 2. Such a URI may have the form:

-   -   http://www.someContentServer.com/presentationDocuments/myDoc.doc        where www.someContentServer.com is a domain name for a web        server that maps to a network address such as an Internet        Protocol address, for example, of a computer where a web server        is located. A ‘web server’ is a server that supports data        communications according the HyperText Transport Protocol        (‘HTTP’). The portion of the URI after the domain name,        “presentationDocuments/myDoc.doc,” is a pathname for a document        on the computer on which the web server is located. In such an        embodiment, retrieving (368) a presentation grammar includes        retrieving the presentation document from the content server        (106) in dependence upon the pathname and extracting the grammar        from the presentation document. In an example where the        presentation document is located according to a URI as described        above and the content server is implemented with a web server,        retrieving the presentation document from the content server may        be carried out by parsing the URI into an HTTP GET message:    -   GET/presentationDocuments/myDoc.doc HTTP/1.1        and transmitting the GET message to the content server at        www.ibmContentServer.com.

In this example, the content server returns the presentation document asURI encoded data in an HTTP RESPONSE message. In an example where thereturned presentation document has this form: <presentationDocument><presentationGrammar> <grammarElement> <contentType id=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down </keyPhrase> <presentationAction id=“PgDn”><structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”> </grammarElement ></presentationGrammar> <structuredDocument> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”> aparagraph </p> <p id=“2”> another paragraph </p> </page> <page id=“2”>some text </page> </structuredDocument> </presentationDocument>,extracting the grammar from the presentation document may be carried outby extracting the portion of the presentation document identified by thetags:

-   -   <presentationGrammar></presentationGrammar>

In another exemplary embodiment of the method of FIG. 12, thepresentation document (118) is implemented as an instance of an objectoriented class on a content server (106). In this example, thepresentation document has a presentation document name, and thepresentation grammar comprises a member data element of the instance. Insuch an embodiment, storing (366) a location (364) of the presentationdocument (118) in the data structure (128) representing a presentationincludes storing the presentation document name and a network locationof the content server.

An example of storing a pathname and a network location is storing a URIfor the document in a URI array such as that illustrated at reference(220) on FIG. 2. Such a URI may have the form:http://www.ibmContentServer.com/servlets/getPresentationGrammar?presDoc=myDoc.docwhere www.someContentServer.com is a domain name for a web server. Theportion of the URI after the domain name but before the question mark,“servlets/getPresentationGrammar,” is a pathname for server-sidefunctionality for retrieving a presentation document. The server-sidefunctionality could be a CGI (Common Gateway Interface (‘CGI’) script orother server-side functionality as will occur to those of skill in theart, but in this example the server-side functionality is taken as aJava servlet identified by its name, “getPresentationGrammar.” Theremainder of the URI is query data encoded as a name-value pairidentifying the name of a presentation document, “myDoc.doc,” from whicha presentation grammar is to be extracted by the servlet.

In such an exemplary embodiment, retrieving (368) a presentation grammaris carried out by requesting the presentation grammar (120) from thecontent server (106), including communicating the presentation documentname as a request parameter; and receiving the presentation grammar(120) in response from the content server (106). In an example where thepresentation document is located according to a URI as described aboveand the content server is implemented with a web server, requesting thepresentation grammar (120) from the content server (106), includingcommunicating the presentation document name as a request parameter, maybe carried out by parsing the URI into an HTTP GET message:

-   -   GET/servlets/getPresentationGrammar?presDoc=myDoc.doc HTTP/1.1        and transmitting the GET message to the content server at        www.ibmContentServer.com.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method of FIG. 12, thepresentation document (118) includes a record in a table in a databaseon a content server (106). In this example, the presentation documenthas a presentation document identifier, and the presentation grammarcomprises a field in the record. In such an embodiment, storing (366) alocation (364) of the presentation document (118) in the data structure(128) representing a presentation includes storing the presentationdocument identifier and a network location of the content server. In adatabase table in which each record represents a presentation document,for example, the presentation document identifier may be implemented asa single field unique key such as a serial number for a record, as apresentation document name, or as any functional identifier as willoccur to those of skill in the art. In the continuing discussion of thisexample, the presentation document identifier is taken as a presentationdocument name.

An example of storing a presentation document identifier and a networklocation is storing a URI for the document in a URI array such as thatillustrated at reference (220) on FIG. 2. Such a URI may have the form:

-   -   http://www.ibmContentServer.com/cgi-bin/getPresentationGrammar?presDoc=myDoc.doc        where www.someContentServer.com is a domain name for a web        server. The portion of the URI after the domain name but before        the question mark, “/cgi-bin/getPresentationGrammar,” is a        pathname for server-side functionality for retrieving a        presentation document. The server-side functionality could be a        Java servlet or other server-side functionality as will occur to        those of skill in the art, but in this example the server-side        functionality is taken as a CGI script named        “getPresentationGrammar.” The remainder of the URI is query data        encoded as a name-value pair identifying the name of a        presentation document, “myDoc.doc,” from which a presentation        grammar is to be extracted by the CGI script.

In such an exemplary embodiment, retrieving (368) a presentation grammaris carried out by requesting the presentation grammar (120) from thecontent server (106), including communicating the presentation documentname as a request parameter; and receiving the presentation grammar(120) in response from the content server (106). In an example where thepresentation document is located according to a URI as described aboveand the content server is implemented with a web server, requesting thepresentation grammar (120) from the content server (106), includingcommunicating the presentation document name as a request parameter, maybe carried out by parsing the URI into an HTTP GET message:

-   -   GET/cgi-bin/getPresentationGrammar?presDoc=myDoc.doc HTTP/1.1        and transmitting the GET message to the content server at

-   www.ibmContentServer.com.

Creating a Voice Response Grammar from a User Grammar

FIG. 13 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating a method forcreating a voice response grammar in a voice response server includingidentifying (372) a user (374) for a presentation where the user has auser grammar (208) and the user grammar includes one or more usergrammar elements (378). The method of FIG. 13 also includes storing(376) a multiplicity of user grammar elements (378) for the user in avoice response grammar (105) on a voice response server (104). A usergrammar is a data structure that includes a set of key phrases specificto a user that are used to formulate presentation control instructionsfor invoking presentation actions on presentation servers. For apresentation control instruction that invokes a presentation actioninstructing a presentation session to ‘page down,’ for example, anindividual user may chose to associate with that presentation controlinstruction the key phrase “rock and roll” or “boogie on down” or anyother key phrase favored by a user as will occur to those of skill inthe art. Although these particular example are somewhat fanciful, infact, user grammars serve a useful purpose by providing key phrases forpresentation actions that distinguish normal speech. User grammars andvoice response grammars may be structured like the full grammarsillustrated in FIG. 5 with grammar elements (502-514) for a content type(410).

In the method of FIG. 13, identifying (372) a user for a presentationincludes creating (360) a data structure (128) representing apresentation and listing (380) in the data structure (128, 374) at leastone user identification (204). A data structure representing apresentation may be implemented as an instance of a presentation sessionclass as shown at reference (128) on FIG. 2. In the method of FIG. 13,listing (380) in the data structure (128, 374) at least one useridentification (204) includes creating a list of user names of the usersthat are registered with the presentation session. That is, a list ofusers currently participating in the presentation.

In the example of FIG. 13, the user grammar (208) includes amultiplicity of user grammar elements (378) for a content type (370). Inthis example, each grammar element includes an identifier of astructural element, a key phrase for invoking a presentation action, andan action identifier representing the presentation action, as shown forexample in the depiction of an exemplary full grammar at references(318), (518), and (516) on FIG. 5.

The method of FIG. 13 includes identifying (382) presentation documents(118) for the presentation. In this example, each presentation document(118) having a content type (370), and selecting (384) user grammarelements (386) according to the content type (370) of the identifiedpresentation documents (356). In the example of FIG. 13, selecting (384)user grammar elements (386) according to the content type (370) of theidentified presentation documents (356) includes comparing the elementsof the user grammar with each presentation document in the presentationsession and extracting each element of the grammar having the samecontent type as a presentation document in the presentation session. Inthe method of FIG. 13, storing (376) a multiplicity of user grammarelements for the user in a voice response grammar on a voice responseserver is carried out by storing the selected user grammar elements(386) in the voice response grammar (105).

FIG. 14 is a data flow diagram illustrating an alternative exemplarymethod for creating a voice response grammar in a voice response server.The method of FIG. 14 includes identifying (388) presentation documents(118) for the presentation. The presentation documents (118) in thisexample include structured documents (122) having structural elementidentifiers (322). In the example of FIG. 14, the identifiedpresentation documents are included in a presentation document list(356) in the presentation session.

The user grammar (208) in this example includes a multiplicity of usergrammar elements (378), and the method includes selecting (390) usergrammar elements (378) in dependence upon the structural elementidentifiers (322). In this example, selecting (390) user grammarelements (378) in dependence upon the structural element identifiers(322) is carried out by comparing the elements of the user grammar witheach structured document of each presentation document in thepresentation session and extracting each user grammar element having astructural element identifier for a structural element that occurs in astructured document of a presentation document in the presentationsession. In the method of FIG. 14, storing (376) a multiplicity of usergrammar elements for the user in a voice response grammar on a voiceresponse server includes storing the selected user grammar elements(386) in the voice response grammar (105).

FIG. 15 is a data flow diagram illustrating another alternativeexemplary method for creating a voice response grammar in a voiceresponse server. The method of FIG. 15 includes identifying (394)presentation documents (118) for the presentation. Each presentationdocument (118) has a presentation grammar (120) including presentationaction identifiers (518).

In the example of FIG. 15, the user grammar (208) includes amultiplicity of user grammar elements (378), and the method includesselecting (396) user grammar elements (378) in dependence upon thepresentation action identifiers (518). In this example, selecting (396)user grammar elements (378) in dependence upon the presentation actionidentifiers (518) is carried out by comparing the elements of the usergrammar with each presentation grammar of each presentation document ofthe presentation session and extracting from the user grammar eachelement having a presentation action identifier that occurs in apresentation grammar of the presentation document. In the method of FIG.15, storing (376) a multiplicity of user grammar elements for the userin a voice response grammar on a voice response server includes storingthe selected user grammar elements (386) in the voice response grammar(105).

Creating a Session Document from a Presentation Document

FIG. 16 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor creating a session document (266) from a presentation document(314). A session document is a repository for filtered content,presentation content that is filtered according to attributes of anaudience for a presentation, an audience that presents a range ofaffiliations, technical abilities, security authorizations, and otherattributes as will occur to those of skill in the art. The purpose of asession document is to provide a repository for reducing the volume ofdata for a presentation with respect to unfiltered presentationdocuments. A session document is a document derived from a presentationdocument targeted for the participants of a presentation. Moreparticularly, a session document is a data structure that includes asession grammar derived from a presentation grammar in a presentationdocument and a session structured document derived from a structureddocument in a presentation document.

The method of FIG. 16 includes identifying (250) a presentation document(314) for a presentation. The presentation document (314) includes apresentation grammar (312) and a structured document (306) havingstructural elements (402) classified with classification identifiers(708). Identifying (250) a presentation document (314) typicallyincludes inserting in a list (220) a location for the presentationdocument (314). The location of a presentation document may berepresented by a URI, and a list of locations identifying presentationdocuments may be implemented as an array of URIs as exemplified by therequested content list (220) in the exemplary presentation session class(128) on FIG. 2.

The method of FIG. 16 includes identifying (252) a user participant(204) for the presentation. In the method of FIG. 16, the user has auser profile (126) that includes user classifications (210) each ofwhich describes some attribute of a user, such as, for example, companyaffiliation, department membership, technical ability, securityauthorization level, and so on, for any attribute of a user as may occurto those of skill in the art. Identifying (252) a user (204) typicallyincludes inserting in a list (374) a user identification (204)identifying a user in a presentation participant list (374). In theexample of FIG. 16, a user identification is implemented as a user name(204) in a user profile (126).

The method of FIG. 16 includes filtering (254) the structured document(306) in dependence upon the user classifications (210) and theclassification identifiers (708). In the method of FIG. 16, filtering(254) the structured document (306) is carried out by extracting (259),from the structured document (306), structural elements (402) havingclassification identifiers (708) corresponding to the userclassifications (210), and writing (260) the extracted structuralelements (402) into a session structured document (256) in the sessiondocument (266). The method of FIG. 16 also includes filtering (262) thepresentation grammar (312), in dependence upon the extracted structuralelements (402), into a session grammar (258) in the session document(266). The method of FIG. 16 includes storing (264) the location of thesession document (266) in a session document list (222).

For further explanation, consider an example of creating a sessiondocument that begins with a presentation document having the followingcontents: <presentationDocument> <presentationGrammar> <grammarElement><contentType id=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase><presentationAction id=“PgDn”> <structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”></grammarElement > <grammarElement> <contentType id=“WP”><keyPhrase>next bullet</keyPhrase> <presentationAction id=“NextBullet”><structuralElementIdentifier id=“bullet”> </grammarElement ></presentationGrammar> <structuredDocument> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”>aparagraph on some subject</p> </page> <page id=“2”> <p id=“2”>aparagraph on a particular subject</p> <tech level=“2”> <p id=“2”>a moretechnical paragraph, same subject</p> </tech> <security level=“2”> <pid=“2”>a more secret paragraph, same subject</p> </security> <deptid=“marketing”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, same subject, with added detailregarding marketing <bullet id =“1”>some bullet text</bullet> <bullet id=“1”>some other bullet text</bullet> <bullet id =“1”>still more bullettext</bullet> </p> </dept> <company id=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph,same subject with added detail pertinent to a user's company</p></company> <p id=“3”>a paragraph on some other subject</p> ... ... ...</page> </structuredDocument> </presentationDocument>

In this example, an audience of users identified for a presentationinclude users having in their user profiles user classificationsindicating technical level ‘2’ and membership in IBM. None of theregistered users have security authorizations and none of them are fromthe marketing department. Filtering this exemplary presentationdocument, extracting structural elements with classification identifierscorresponding to the user classifications, writing those structuralelements to a session document, and filtering the presentation grammarin dependence upon the extracted structural elements, results in thefollowing exemplary session document: <sessionDocument> <sessionGrammar><grammarElement> <contentType id=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase><presentationAction id=“PgDn”> <structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”></grammarElement > </sessionGrammar> <sessionStructuredDocument> <pageid=“1”> <p id=“1”> a paragraph </p> <p id=“2”> another paragraph </p></page> <page id=“2”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph on a particular subject</p><tech level=“2”> <p id=“2”>a more technical paragraph, same subject</p></tech> <company id=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, same subject withadded detail pertinent to a user's company</p> </company> <p id=“3”>aparagraph on some other subject</p> ... ... ... </page></sessionStructuredDocument> </sessionDocument>

In the resulting session document, the structural element identified aspage 2 now excludes versions for security level 2 and for marketing,because none of the users listed for the presentation are in themarketing department or have security authorizations of level 2. Inaddition, the session grammar excludes a grammar element for bulletsbecause, in the session document above, the only structural elementhaving bullets was the version of paragraph 2 for the marketingdepartment. Excluding the bullets as structural elements in the sessionstructured document means that there is no need to have grammar elementsfor them in the session grammar. Reducing the number of grammar elementsin the session grammar reduces the number of grammar elements in thevoice response grammar, thereby increasing the efficiency and accuracyof the voice response server and the overall presentation system.

Amending a Session Document During a Presentation

FIG. 17 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor amending a session document (266) during a presentation. The sessiondocument (266) includes a session structured document (256), and themethod of FIG. 17 includes providing (268) user profiles (126)representing users capable of participating in presentations. In typicalembodiments, user profiles for all the users capable of participating inpresentations are stored in a database accessible to the presentationsession. In the example of FIG. 17, each user profile (126) includesuser classifications (210) for a user.

The method of FIG. 17 also includes providing (270) a presentationdocument (314) that includes a structured document (306) havingstructural elements (402) classified with classification identifiers(708). In the example of FIG. 17, the locations of the presentationdocuments from which the session documents for a particular presentationwere created are stored in a list such as the requested content list(220) of FIG. 17.

The method of FIG. 17 includes identifying (274) a user profile event(272) for a user during the presentation. A user profile event is anevent that results in adding a user classification to the set of userclassifications for a presentation. The set of user classifications fora presentation is the set of all user classifications for all users thathave been identified as users for a presentation. A user profile eventmay be represented as a data structure (272) that includes a useridentification (205) for a particular user.

A user profile event (272) may be generated by adding a user to thepresentation, where the added user has a new user classification for thepresentation. That is, one example of a user profile event (272) isadding to a presentation a user whose user classifications include atleast one user classification having no corresponding classificationidentifier in any structural element in the session structured document.In such an example, at least one of the added user's userclassifications is currently not part of any user profile of any of theother users identified for the presentation.

A user profile event (272) also may be generated, for a further example,by changing a user classification (210) in a user profile (126) of auser who is participating in the presentation, where the changed userclassification includes a new user classification for the presentation.That is, one example of a user profile event (272) is editing a user'sprofile during a presentation so that the user's user profile nowincludes a user classification having no corresponding classificationidentifier in any structural element in the session structured document.In such an example, the new user classification is currently not part ofany user profile of any of the other users identified for thepresentation.

The method of FIG. 17 includes adding (276) to the session structureddocument (256) at least one structural element (402) from thepresentation document (314), the added structural element (402) having aclassification identifier (708) that corresponds to a userclassification (210) of the user. In the examples just mentioned,regarding adding a new user to a presentation or a new userclassification to a profile, adding (276) to the session structureddocument (256) a structural element (402) from the presentation document(314), the added structural element (402) having a classificationidentifier (708) that corresponds to a user classification (210) of theuser, means that the new structural element is one that no other useridentified for the presentation was entitled to view. Because adding astructural element may mean adding a structural element of a kind nototherwise represented in the session structured document, the method ofFIG. 17 advantageously also includes adding (278) a grammar element(316) to the session grammar (258) in dependence upon the addedstructural element (402).

For further explanation, consider the following example of amending asession document (266) during a presentation. In this example, a sessiondocument is used for a presentation having users whose user profilesinclude user classifications of technical level ‘2’ and membership inIBM: <sessionDocument> <sessionGrammar> <grammarElement> <contentTypeid=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase> <presentationAction id=“PgDn”><structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”> </grammarElement ></sessionGrammar> <sessionStructuredDocument> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”> aparagraph </p> <p id=“2”> another paragraph </p> </page> <page id=“2”><p id=“2”>a paragraph on a particular subject</p> <tech level=“2”> <pid=“2”>a more technical paragraph, same subject</p> </tech> <companyid=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, same subject with added detailpertinent to a user's company</p> </company> <p id=“3”>a paragraph onsome other subject</p> ... ... ... </page> </sessionStructuredDocument></sessionDocument>

This session document in this example was created from the followingpresentation document: <presentationDocument> <presentationGrammar><grammarElement> <contentType id=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase><presentationAction id=“PgDn”> <structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”></grammarElement > <grammarElement> <contentType id=“WP”><keyPhrase>next bullet</keyPhrase> <presentationAction id=“NextBullet”><structuralElementIdentifier id=“bullet”> </grammarElement ></presentationGrammar> <structuredDocument> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”>aparagraph on some subject</p> </page> <page id=“2”> <p id=“2”>aparagraph on a particular subject</p> <tech level=“2”> <p id=“2”>a moretechnical paragraph, same subject</p> </tech> <security level=“2”> <pid=“2”>a more secret paragraph, same subject</p> </security> <deptid=“marketing”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, same subject, with added detailregarding marketing <bullet id =“1”>some bullet text</bullet> <bullet id=“1”>some other bullet text</bullet> <bullet id =“1”>still more bullettext</bullet> </p> </dept> <company id=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph,same subject with added detail pertinent to a user's company</p></company> <p id=“3”>a paragraph on some other subject</p> ... ... ...</page> </structuredDocument> </presentationDocument>

The session document in this example contains no structural elementsclassified for users from the marketing department. After beginning thepresentation a user from the marketing department joins thepresentation. The user's joining the presentation is represented byadding the user's user identification to a list of users identified forthe presentation. Adding the user ID to the list identifies (274) a userprofile event (272) which is represented by a data structure thatincludes the user's user identification (205). Amending the sessiondocument proceeds by adding (276) to a session structured document (256)one or more structural elements (402) from a structured document in thepresentation document from which the session structured document wascreated. Adding (276) to the session structured document (256) at leastone structural element (402) from the presentation document (314) iscarried out by adding a structural element (402) having a classificationidentifier (708) that corresponds to a user classification (210) of theuser. User classifications of the user are read from the user profiles(126) using the user identification (205) provided to the adding process(276) by the user profile event (272). In this example, adding astructural element to the session structured documents is carried out byadding the following paragraph from the structured document of thepresentation document set forth above: <dept id=“marketing”> <p id=“2”>aparagraph, same subject, with added detail regarding marketing <bulletid =“1”>some bullet text</bullet> <bullet id =“1”>some other bullettext</bullet> <bullet id =“1”>still more bullet text</bullet> </p></dept>,

thereby creating the following amended session document:<sessionDocument> <sessionGrammar> <grammarElement> <contentTypeid=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase> <presentationAction id=“PgDn”><structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”> </grammarElement ></sessionGrammar> <sessionStructuredDocument> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”> aparagraph </p> <p id=“2”> another paragraph </p> </page> <page id=“2”><p id=“2”>a paragraph on a particular subject</p> <tech level=“2”> <pid=“2”>a more technical paragraph, same subject</p> </tech> <companyid=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, same subject with added detailpertinent to a user's company</p> </company> <dept id=“marketing”> <pid=“2”>a paragraph, same subject, with added detail regarding marketing<bullet id =“1”>some bullet text</bullet> <bullet id =“1”>some otherbullet text</bullet> <bullet id =“1”>still more bullet text</bullet></p> </dept> <p id=“3”>a paragraph on some other subject</p> ... ... ...</page> </sessionStructuredDocument> </sessionDocument>

Amending the session document also includes adding to the sessiongrammar of the session document a new grammar element from thepresentation grammar. There were no bullets in the session structureddocument before the exemplary user profile event and therefore nogrammar elements supporting presentation control instructions forbullets. Adding the marketing paragraph also added bullets, so themethod advantageously includes adding grammar elements supportingpresentation control instructions for bullets: <grammarElement><contentType id=“WP”> <keyPhrase>next bullet</keyPhrase><presentationAction id=“NextBullet”> <structuralElementIdentifierid=“bullet”> </grammarElement >, thereby creating the following amendedsession document: <sessionDocument> <sessionGrammar> <grammarElement><contentType id=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase><presentationAction id=“PgDn”> <structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”></grammarElement > <grammarElement> <contentType id=“WP”><keyPhrase>next bullet</keyPhrase> <presentationAction id=“NextBullet”><structuralElementIdentifier id=“bullet”> </grammarElement ></sessionGrammar> <sessionStructuredDocument> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”> aparagraph </p> <p id=“2”> another paragraph </p> </page> <page id=“2”><p id=“2”>a paragraph on a particular subject</p> <tech level=“2”> <pid=“2”>a more technical paragraph, same subject</p> </tech> <companyid=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, same subject with added detailpertinent to a user's company</p> </company> <dept id=“marketing”> <pid=“2”>a paragraph, same subject, with added detail regarding marketing<bullet id =“1”>some bullet text</bullet> <bullet id =“1”>some otherbullet text</bullet> <bullet id =“1”>still more bullet text</bullet></p> </dept> <p id=“3”>a paragraph on some other subject</p> ... ... ...</page> </sessionStructuredDocument> </sessionDocument>

Differential Dynamic Content Delivery With Device Controlling Action

FIG. 18 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor differential dynamic content delivery. Differential dynamic contentdelivery is delivery of the content of a presentation to userparticipants according to a wide variety of participant interest,company, group, or department membership, technical knowledge, securityauthorization, and so on, across almost any dimension in whichparticipants may vary. Differential dynamic content delivery isaccomplished generally in methods and systems according to embodimentsof the present invention by use of structured, classified documents,presentation documents and session documents, each of which includes agrammar and a structured document as described below. Using suchdocuments as a source of presentation content, differential dynamiccontent delivery is accomplished then by selecting from a structureddocument classified structural elements for delivery to particular userparticipants according to the classification identifiers in the documentand user classifications from user profiles.

FIG. 18 sets forth a data flow diagram illustrating an exemplary methodfor differential dynamic content delivery that includes providing (450)a session document (266) for a presentation. In the method of FIG. 18,the session document (266) includes a session grammar (258) and asession structured document (256), and providing (450) a sessiondocument (266) for a presentation is carried out by creating a sessiondocument from a presentation document as described in detail above inthe discussion regarding FIG. 16.

The method of FIG. 18 also includes creating (462) a presentationcontrol instruction (460). A presentation control instruction is aninstruction to a presentation server (102) to carry out a particularpresentation action such as, for example, ‘display next page,’ ‘displaynext slide,’ ‘display paragraph 5,’ and so on. More particularly, indifferential dynamic content delivery, presentation actions are carriedout by presenting to a particular user a version of a particularstructural element, such as a paragraph or a slide, according to userclassifications such as company name, department name, securityauthorization, and so on. In the method of FIG. 18, an exemplarypresentation control instruction (460) includes a presentation actionidentifier (518) and one or more optional parameters (520).

In the method of FIG. 18, creating the presentation control instructionis carried out by receiving (464) from a user (119) participating in thepresentation a key phrase (516) and optional parameters (520) forinvoking a presentation action and parsing (466) the key phrase (516)and parameters (520) against a voice response grammar (105) into apresentation control instruction (460). In this example, receiving (464)a key phrase (516) is carried out by use of a Voice Over InternetProtocol (“VOIP”) link (130) that carries the speech of at least oneuser (119) from the user's client device to a voice response server(104). A VoIP link is a kind of computer hardware and software that usesan internet protocol network instead of a traditional telephone networkas the transmission medium for speech. VoIP is sometimes referred to as‘IP telephony’ or ‘Voice Over the Internet’ (“VOI”). Examples of userclient devices include any computer equipment capable of convertinginput speech to digital data and transmitting it over the internetprotocol to a voice response server, including handheld wirelessdevices, personal digital assistants, personal computers, laptopcomputers, and the like.

The method of FIG. 18 also includes receiving (458) a presentationcontrol instruction (460) in a presentation server and selecting (452)from a session structured document (256) a classified structural element(402) in dependence upon user classifications (210) of a userparticipant (119) in the presentation. In the method of FIG. 18,selecting (452) a classified structural element (402) is carried out byselecting a classified structural element (402) in dependence upon thepresentation action identifier (518) and the parameters (520) from thepresentation control instruction (460). In the method of FIG. 18,selecting (452) a classified structural element (402) also includesselecting a classified structural element having an associatedclassification identifier (708) that corresponds to the userclassification (210).

For further explanation, consider an example using the followingexemplary session document: <sessionDocument> <sessionGrammar><grammarElement> <contentType id=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase><presentationAction id=“PgDn”> <structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”></grammarElement > </sessionGrammar> <sessionStructuredDocument> <pageid=“1”> <p id=“1”> a paragraph </p> <p id=“2”> another paragraph </p></page> <page id=“2”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph on a particular subject</p><tech level=“2”> <p id=“2”>a more technical paragraph, same subject</p></tech> <company id=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, same subject withadded detail pertinent to a user's company</p> </company> <p id=“3”>aparagraph on some other subject</p> ... ... ... </page></sessionStructuredDocument> </sessionDocument>

In this example, assume that a first user participant has in a userprofile user classifications indicating that the user is an IBM employeeand a second user has user classifications indicating that the user hastechnical ability level ‘2’. In this example, a presentation serverhaving the above session document installed upon it receives (458) apresentation control instruction (460) to move to the display to thesecond page of the session structured document. The presentation serverthen selects (452) from the session structured document (256) for thefirst user the structural element identified as a version of page twoand classified as: <company id=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, samesubject with added detail pertinent to a user's company</p> </company>

and for the second user the structural element identified as a versionof page two and classified as: <tech level=“2”> <p id=“2”>a moretechnical paragraph, same subject</p> </tech>

The method of FIG. 18 also includes presenting (454) the selectedstructural element (456) to the user (119). In the method of FIG. 18,presenting (454) the selected structural element (456) to the user maybe carried out, for example, by selecting a data communications protocolfor the presentation, inserting the selected structural element (withoutits classification identifiers) in a data structure appropriate to thedata communications protocol, and transmitting the data structure to theuser according to the data communications protocol. If, for example, thedata communications protocol is selected as HTTP, a data structureappropriate to the data communications protocol is an HTML document inan HTTP RESPONSE message. In such an example, presenting (454) theselected structural element (456) to the user may be carried out, forthe two exemplary versions of page two selected above, by the followingHTTP RESPONSE messages: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date:                         Content-Type: text/xml Content-Length: 128 <html><body><p id=“2”>aparagraph, same subject with added detail pertinent to a user'scompany</p> </body></html>

and for the second user the structural element identified as a versionof page two and classified as: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date:                         Content-Type: text/xml Content-Length: 103<html><body><p id=“2”>a more technical paragraph, samesubject</p></body></html>respectively, the first sent to the client device of the first user andthe second sent to the client device of the second user. Note that inboth transmission, the classification identifiers are omitted, <companyid=“IBM”> and <tech level=“2”> respectively.

This example of presenting (454) a selected structural element (456) toa user (119) is expressed in terms of HTML and HTTP, a stateless,asynchronous protocol. Many embodiments will statefully hold open a datacommunications connection, such as a TCP/IP connection, between apresentation server and a user client device. A Stateful Java EnterpriseSession Bean™ may be used, for example, to hold open a TCP/IP connectionimplemented with a Java socket object. Readers of skill in the art willrecognize therefore that HTML and HTTP are used for explanation, not forlimitation. In fact, any presentation application using any appropriatedata communications protocol useful for multi-media presentations may beused to present structural elements to users according to embodiments ofthe present invention. Such application may be obtained off-the-shelfcommercially or they may be specially developed for particularpresentations or kinds of presentation. An example of such anapplication available commercially is Microsoft NetMeeting™. Examples ofother data communications protocols useful with various embodiments ofthe present invention include the Session Initiation Protocol specifiedin the IETF's RFC 2543, the Real Time Streaming Protocol as specified inthe IETF's RFC 2326, the Real Time Transport Protocol of RFC 1889, andthe World Wide Web Consortium's VoiceXML protocol specified in the 2003document entitled “Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) Version2.0”.

The method of FIG. 18 also includes identifying a device controllingaction. A device controlling action is an action to be taken on a devicein a user's computing environment. In typical user computing environmentincludes a user client device that may be represented by a computerworkstation connected to a local area network to which are connectedmany other client devices useful to support a presentation. Audio may bedirected by a device controlling action across the LAN to an audioamplifier outside the user's computer workstation. Video elements may bedirected by a device controlling action to a television monitor that isseparate from the user's computer workstation but connected to itthrough the LAN. Lighting may be connected and controlled through devicecontrolling actions which may advantageously enhance the presentation byrepresenting changes in tenor or mood.

In the method of FIG. 18, identifying a device controlling action may becarried out by identifying a device controlling action in dependenceupon a presentation control instruction. In such embodiments, apresentation server (102) is programmed to identify a device controllingaction in dependence upon presentation control instructions (460). Insome such embodiments, identifying a device controlling action may becarried out by identifying a device controlling action in dependenceupon a spoken key word, parsing the spoken keyword into a presentationcontrol instruction in a voice response server (104), and sending thepresentation control instruction (460) to a presentation server (102).

In the method of FIG. 18, identifying a device controlling action may becarried out by identifying a device controlling action in dependenceupon a classified structural element. In such embodiments, classifiedstructural elements have associated device controlling actions. Whensuch a classified structural element is selected for presentation to auser, the associated device controlling action is identified from itsassociation with a structural element. For further explanation, consideran example using the following exemplary session document:<sessionDocument> <sessionGrammar> <grammarElement> <contentTypeid=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase> <presentationAction id=“PgDn”><structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”> </grammarElement ></sessionGrammar> <sessionStructuredDocument> <page id=“1”><deviceControllingAction deviceID=“userStereo” actionID=“setVolumeToHigh /> <p id=“1”>a paragraph </p> <p id=“2”>anotherparagraph </p> </page> <page id=“2”> <deviceControllingAction deviceID=“userStereo” actionID =“setVolumeToNormal /> <p id=“2”>a paragraph on aparticular subject</p> <tech level=“2”> <p id=“2”>a more technicalparagraph, same subject</p> </tech> <company id=“IBM”> <p id=“2”>aparagraph, same subject with added detail pertinent to a user'scompany</p> </company> <p id=“3”>a paragraph on some other subject</p>... ... ... </page> </sessionStructuredDocument> </sessionDocument>

This exemplary session document contains a structural element, a pageidentified as <page id=“1”> that in turn contains an identification of adevice controlling represented as <deviceControllingAction deviceID=“userStereo” actionID =“setVolumeToHigh />,ordering control of a stereo system connected on a LAN to a user'scomputer workstation to turn its volume to high for the duration ofpage 1. Similarly, the structural element identified as page 2 in thesame session document contains an identification of a device controllingaction represented as

-   -   <deviceControllingAction deviceID=“userStereo”        actionID=“setVolumeToNormal/>,        ordering control of the stereo system to return its volume to        normal when page 2 is displayed.

In the method of FIG. 18, identifying (468) a device controlling action(470) may be carried out by identifying a device controlling action independence upon a classification identifier. In such embodiments, aclassification identifier (708) embedded in a session structureddocument (256) of a session document (266) may have an associated devicecontrolling action. When such a classification identifier implicatedselecting a particular structural element for presentation to a userwhose user classification corresponds to the classification identifier,the associated device controlling action is identified by itsassociation with a classification identifier. For further explanation,consider an example using the following exemplary session document:<sessionDocument> <sessionGrammar> <grammarElement> <contentTypeid=“WP”> <keyPhrase>page down</keyPhrase> <presentationAction id=“PgDn”><structuralElementIdentifier id=“page”> </grammarElement ></sessionGrammar> <sessionStructuredDocument> <page id=“1”> <p id=“1”> aparagraph </p> <p id=“2”> another paragraph </p> </page> <page id=“2”><p id=“2”>a paragraph on a particular subject</p> <tech level=“2”> <pid=“2”>a more technical paragraph, same subject</p> </tech> <companyid=“IBM”> <deviceControllingAction deviceID= “userStereo” actionID=“setVolumeToHigh/> <p id=“2”>a paragraph, same subject with addeddetail pertinent to a user's company</p> <deviceControllingActiondeviceID= “userStereo” actionID =“setVolumeToNormal/> </company> <pid=“3”>a paragraph on some other subject</p> ... ... ... </page></sessionStructuredDocument> </sessionDocument>

This exemplary session document contains a classification identifier<company id=“IBM”> that classifies a version of a structural elementidentified as paragraph 2 of page 2. The classification identifier inturn contains an identification of a device controlling action:<deviceControllingAction deviceID= “userStereo” actionID=“setVolumeToHigh />,

ordering control of a stereo system connected on a LAN to a user'scomputer workstation to turn its volume to high for the duration ofparagraph 2. Similarly, the <company> classification identifier forparagraph 2 contains an additional identification of a devicecontrolling action represented as: <deviceControllingAction deviceID=“userStereo” actionID =“setVolumeToNormal />,representing an order to return the volume to normal after paragraph 2is displayed.

The method of FIG. 18 also includes executing (472) the devicecontrolling action to control a device for the user. In the method ofFIG. 18, executing (472) the device controlling action to control adevice for the user may be carried out by calling a member method in anOSGi-compliant bundle operating in an OSGi framework on a servicesgateway (476). Calling a member method in an OSGi-compliant bundleoperating in an OSGi framework on a services gateway (476) is furtherexplained with reference to FIG. 19.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an exemplary services gateway (476) usefulin executing device controlling actions according to the presentinvention. The services gateway (476) of FIG. 19 is, in some exemplaryarchitectures useful in embodiments of the present invention, an OSGicompatible services gateway (476). While exemplary embodiments ofmethods for differential dynamic content delivery are described in thisspecification using OSGi, many other applications and frameworks otherthan OSGi will work to implement methods of differential dynamic contentdelivery according to the present invention and are therefore wellwithin the scope of the present invention. Commercial implementations ofOSGi, such as JES and SMF, are also useful in implementing methods ofthe present invention.

OSGi Stands for ‘Open Services Gateway Initiative.’ The OSGispecification is a Java-based application layer framework that providesvendor neutral application and device layer APIs and functions forvarious devices using arbitrary communication protocols operating innetworks in homes, cars, and other environments. OSGi works with avariety of networking technologies like Ethernet, Bluetooth, the ‘Home,Audio and Video Interoperability standard’ (HAVi), IEEE 1394, UniversalSerial Bus (USB), WAP, X-10, Lon Works, HomePlug and various othernetworking technologies. The OSGi specification is available for freedownload from the OSGi website at www.osgi.org.

The services gateway (476) of FIG. 19 includes a service framework(131). In many example embodiments the service framework is an OSGiservice framework (131). An OSGi service framework (131) is written inJava and therefore, typically runs on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)(117). In OSGi, the service framework (131) of FIG. 1 is a hostingplatform for running ‘services’ (119). The term ‘service’ or ‘services’in this disclosure, depending on context, generally refers toOSGi-compliant services.

Services (119) are the main building blocks for creating applicationsaccording to the OSGi. A service (119) is a group of Java classes andinterfaces that implement a certain feature. The OSGi specificationprovides a number of standard services. For example, OSGi provides astandard HTTP service that creates a web server that can respond torequests from HTTP clients. OSGi also provides a set of standardservices called the Device Access Specification. For example, the DeviceAccess Specification (“DAS”) provides services to identify a clientdevice (478) connected to the services gateway, search for a driver forthat device, and install the driver for the device.

In typical embodiments of methods of differential dynamic contentdelivery a device controlling actions are implemented as a set ofservices (119) packaged in ‘OSGi bundles’ (121) with other files,images, and resources that the services (119) need to carry out thedevice controlling action. An OSGi bundle (121) is a Java archive or‘JAR’ file including one or more service implementations (119), anactivator class (127), and a manifest file (125). An activator class(127) is a Java class that the service framework (131) uses to start andstop a bundle. A manifest file (125) is a standard text file thatdescribes the contents of the bundle (121).

The services framework (131) in OSGi also includes a service registry(128). The service registry (128) includes a service registration (129)including the service's name and an instance of a class that implementsthe service for each bundle (121) installed on the framework (131) andregistered with the service registry (128). A device controlling actionimplemented as an OSGi bundle (121) may request services that are notincluded in the bundle (121), but are registered on the frameworkservice registry (128). To find a service, a bundle (121) performs aquery on the framework's service registry (128).

It will be understood from the foregoing description that modificationsand changes may be made in various embodiments of the present inventionwithout departing from its true spirit. The descriptions in thisspecification are for purposes of illustration only and are not to beconstrued in a limiting sense. The scope of the present invention islimited only by the language of the following claims.

1. A method for differential dynamic content delivery, the methodcomprising: providing a session document for a presentation, wherein thesession document includes a session grammar and a session structureddocument; selecting from the session structured document a classifiedstructural element in dependence upon user classifications of a userparticipant in the presentation; presenting the selected structuralelement to the user; identifying a device controlling action; andexecuting the device controlling action to control a device for theuser.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying a device controllingaction further comprises identifying a device controlling action independence upon a presentation control instruction.
 3. The method ofclaim 1 wherein identifying a device controlling action furthercomprises identifying a device controlling action in dependence upon aspoken key word.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying a devicecontrolling action further comprises identifying a device controllingaction in dependence upon a classified structural element.
 5. The methodof claim 1 wherein identifying a device controlling action furthercomprises identifying a device controlling action in dependence upon aclassification identifier.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein executingthe device controlling action to control a device for the user comprisescalling a member method in an OSGi-compliant bundle operating in an OSGiframework on a services gateway.
 7. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising receiving a presentation control instruction, wherein: thepresentation control instruction includes a presentation actionidentifier and one or more optional parameters; and selecting aclassified structural element includes selecting a classified structuralelement in dependence upon the presentation action identifier and theparameters.
 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising creating thepresentation control instruction, including: receiving from a userparticipating in the presentation a key phrase and optional parametersfor invoking a presentation action; and parsing the key phrase andparameters against a voice response grammar into a presentation controlinstruction.
 9. The method of claim 1 wherein selecting a classifiedstructural element further comprises selecting a classified structuralelement having an associated classification identifier that correspondsto the user classification.
 10. The method of claim 1 wherein presentingthe selected structural element to the user further comprises: selectinga data communications protocol for the presentation; inserting theselected structural element in a data structure appropriate to the datacommunications protocol; and transmitting the data structure to the useraccording to the data communications protocol.
 11. The method of claim 1further comprising creating a session document from a presentationdocument, including: identifying a presentation document for apresentation, the presentation document including a presentation grammarand a structured document having structural elements classified withclassification identifiers; identifying a user participant for thepresentation, the user having a user profile comprising userclassifications; and filtering the structured document in dependenceupon the user classifications and the classification identifiers. 12.The method of claim 11 wherein filtering the structured documentcomprises: extracting, from the structured document, structural elementshaving classification identifiers corresponding to the userclassifications; and writing the extracted structural elements into asession structured document in the session document.
 13. The method ofclaim 12 further comprising filtering the presentation grammar, independence upon the extracted structural elements, into a sessiongrammar in the session document.
 14. The method of claim 11 furthercomprising creating a presentation document, including: creating, independence upon an original document, a structured document comprisingone or more structural elements; classifying a structural element of thestructured document according to a presentation attribute; and creatinga presentation grammar for the structured document, wherein thepresentation grammar for the structured document includes grammarelements each of which includes an identifier for at least onestructural element of the structured document.
 15. A system fordifferential dynamic content delivery, the system comprising: means forproviding a session document for a presentation, wherein the sessiondocument includes a session grammar and a session structured document;means for selecting from the session structured document a classifiedstructural element in dependence upon user classifications of a userparticipant in the presentation; means for presenting the selectedstructural element to the user; means for identifying a devicecontrolling action; and means for executing the device controllingaction to control a device for the user.
 16. The system of claim 15wherein means for identifying a device controlling action furthercomprises means for identifying a device controlling action independence upon a presentation control instruction.
 17. The system ofclaim 15 wherein means for identifying a device controlling actionfurther comprises means for identifying a device controlling action independence upon a spoken key word.
 18. The system of claim 15 whereinmeans for identifying a device controlling action further comprisesmeans for identifying a device controlling action in dependence upon aclassified structural element.
 19. The system of claim 15 wherein meansfor identifying a device controlling action further comprises means foridentifying a device controlling action in dependence upon aclassification identifier.
 20. The system of claim 15 wherein means forexecuting the device controlling action to control a device for the usercomprises means for calling a member system in an OSGi-compliant bundleoperating in an OSGi framework on a services gateway.
 21. The system ofclaim 15 further comprising means for receiving a presentation controlinstruction, wherein: the presentation control instruction includes apresentation action identifier and one or more optional parameters; andmeans for selecting a classified structural element includes means forselecting a classified structural element in dependence upon thepresentation action identifier and the parameters.
 22. The system ofclaim 21 further comprising means for creating the presentation controlinstruction, including: means for receiving from a user participating inthe presentation a key phrase and optional parameters for invoking apresentation action; and means for parsing the key phrase and parametersagainst a voice response grammar into a presentation controlinstruction.
 23. The system of claim 15 wherein means for selecting aclassified structural element further comprises means for selecting aclassified structural element having an associated classificationidentifier that corresponds to the user classification.
 24. The systemof claim 15 wherein means for presenting the selected structural elementto the user further comprises: means for selecting a data communicationsprotocol for the presentation; means for inserting the selectedstructural element in a data structure appropriate to the datacommunications protocol; and means for transmitting the data structureto the user according to the data communications protocol.
 25. Thesystem of claim 15 further comprising means for creating a sessiondocument from a presentation document, including: means for identifyinga presentation document for a presentation, the presentation documentincluding a presentation grammar and a structured document havingstructural elements classified with classification identifiers; meansfor identifying a user participant for the presentation, the user havinga user profile comprising user classifications; and means for filteringthe structured document in dependence upon the user classifications andthe classification identifiers.
 26. The system of claim 25 wherein meansfor filtering the structured document comprises: means for extracting,from the structured document, structural elements having classificationidentifiers corresponding to the user classifications; and means forwriting the extracted structural elements into a session structureddocument in the session document.
 27. The system of claim 26 furthercomprising means for filtering the presentation grammar, in dependenceupon the extracted structural elements, into a session grammar in thesession document.
 28. The system of claim 25 further comprising meansfor creating a presentation document, including: means for creating, independence upon an original document, a structured document comprisingone or more structural elements; means for classifying a structuralelement of the structured document according to a presentationattribute; and means for creating a presentation grammar for thestructured document, wherein the presentation grammar for the structureddocument includes grammar elements each of which includes an identifierfor at least one structural element of the structured document.
 29. Acomputer program product for differential dynamic content delivery, thecomputer program product comprising: a recording medium; means, recordedon the recording medium, for providing a session document for apresentation, wherein the session document includes a session grammarand a session structured document; means, recorded on the recordingmedium, for selecting from the session structured document a classifiedstructural element in dependence upon user classifications of a userparticipant in the presentation; means, recorded on the recordingmedium, for presenting the selected structural element to the user;means, recorded on the recording medium, for identifying a devicecontrolling action; and means, recorded on the recording medium, forexecuting the device controlling action to control a device for theuser.
 30. The computer program product of claim 29 wherein means,recorded on the recording medium, for identifying a device controllingaction further comprises means, recorded on the recording medium, foridentifying a device controlling action in dependence upon apresentation control instruction.
 31. The computer program product ofclaim 29 wherein means, recorded on the recording medium, foridentifying a device controlling action further comprises means,recorded on the recording medium, for identifying a device controllingaction in dependence upon a spoken key word.
 32. The computer programproduct of claim 29 wherein means, recorded on the recording medium, foridentifying a device controlling action further comprises means,recorded on the recording medium, for identifying a device controllingaction in dependence upon a classified structural element.
 33. Thecomputer program product of claim 29 wherein means, recorded on therecording medium, for identifying a device controlling action furthercomprises means, recorded on the recording medium, for identifying adevice controlling action in dependence upon a classificationidentifier.
 34. The computer program product of claim 29 wherein means,recorded on the recording medium, for executing the device controllingaction to control a device for the user comprises means, recorded on therecording medium, for calling a member computer program product in anOSGi-compliant bundle operating in an OSGi framework on a servicesgateway.
 35. The computer program product of claim 29 further comprisingmeans, recorded on the recording medium, for receiving a presentationcontrol instruction, wherein: the presentation control instructionincludes a presentation action identifier and one or more optionalparameters; and means, recorded on the recording medium, for selecting aclassified structural element includes means, recorded on the recordingmedium, for selecting a classified structural element in dependence uponthe presentation action identifier and the parameters.
 36. The computerprogram product of claim 35 further comprising means, recorded on therecording medium, for creating the presentation control instruction,including: means, recorded on the recording medium, for receiving from auser participating in the presentation a key phrase and optionalparameters for invoking a presentation action; and means, recorded onthe recording medium, for parsing the key phrase and parameters againsta voice response grammar into a presentation control instruction. 37.The computer program product of claim 29 wherein means, recorded on therecording medium, for selecting a classified structural element furthercomprises means, recorded on the recording medium, for selecting aclassified structural element having an associated classificationidentifier that corresponds to the user classification.
 38. The computerprogram product of claim 29 wherein means, recorded on the recordingmedium, for presenting the selected structural element to the userfurther comprises: means, recorded on the recording medium, forselecting a data communications protocol for the presentation; means,recorded on the recording medium, for inserting the selected structuralelement in a data structure appropriate to the data communicationsprotocol; and means, recorded on the recording medium, for transmittingthe data structure to the user according to the data communicationsprotocol.
 39. The computer program product of claim 29 furthercomprising means, recorded on the recording medium, for creating asession document from a presentation document, including: means,recorded on the recording medium, for identifying a presentationdocument for a presentation, the presentation document including apresentation grammar and a structured document having structuralelements classified with classification identifiers; means, recorded onthe recording medium, for identifying a user participant for thepresentation, the user having a user profile comprising userclassifications; and means, recorded on the recording medium, forfiltering the structured document in dependence upon the userclassifications and the classification identifiers.
 40. The computerprogram product of claim 39 wherein means, recorded on the recordingmedium, for filtering the structured document comprises: means, recordedon the recording medium, for extracting, from the structured document,structural elements having classification identifiers corresponding tothe user classifications; and means, recorded on the recording medium,for writing the extracted structural elements into a session structureddocument in the session document.
 41. The computer program product ofclaim 40 further comprising means, recorded on the recording medium, forfiltering the presentation grammar, in dependence upon the extractedstructural elements, into a session grammar in the session document. 42.The computer program product of claim 39 further comprising means,recorded on the recording medium, for creating a presentation document,including: means, recorded on the recording medium, for creating, independence upon an original document, a structured document comprisingone or more structural elements; means, recorded on the recordingmedium, for classifying a structural element of the structured documentaccording to a presentation attribute; and means, recorded on therecording medium, for creating a presentation grammar for the structureddocument, wherein the presentation grammar for the structured documentincludes grammar elements each of which includes an identifier for atleast one structural element of the structured document.